shechem and dinah

The story of Shechem and Dinah begins with the words: »Now Dinah, the daughter whom Leah had borne to Jacob, went out to gaze at the daughters of the land. One midrash states that Dinah was conceived as a male in Leah's womb but miraculously changed to a female, lest the maid-servants (Bilhah and Zilpah) be associated with more of the Israelite tribes than Rachel. As Amin was asking about Shechem age and not Dinah! Numb from shock, he stood rooted to his spot. The act of rape shown here is just as horrific as it is today, and we have strict laws governing the crime. Genesis 34: Jacob’s Response to Dinah’s Rape. The word is also used to denote a maid or servant.” (Encyclopedia of Jewish Medical Ethics: A compilation of Jewish medical law on all topics of medical interest, from the most ancient sources to the most current deliberations and decisions, with a concise medical and historical background, and a comprehensive analysis of relevant general ethical approaches [Translated by Fred Rosner, M. D., An updated and edited English version of the Hebrew 1998/ 1988, edition 2003] compiled and written by Avraham Steinberg, M.D., volume 1, page 679). The rape was added, Zakovitch tells us, so as to justify the response of the brothers. Johann Buxtorf connects na’ar with n’r II, ‘shake off.’ A na’ar is a ‘. And his soul was drawn to Dinah ... he loved the maiden and spoke tenderly to her", and Shechem asked his father to obtain Dinah for him, to be his wife. Shechem raped Jacob’s daughter, Dinah, and two of Jacob’s sons avenged their sister by slaughtering all the men in the city, including Shechem and Hamor (Genesis 34:1–29). New York: Funk & Wagnalls. A ... avenged their sister Dinah's rape by "Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, the prince of the land" of Shechem. Shechem’s location, in the Promised Land, at the crossroads of trade, made it a convenient choice, helping Jacob to believe he was making his home in a good place (v. 18). …” (A complete Hebrew and English critical and pronouncing dictionary: on a new and improved plan, containing all the words in the Holy Bible, Both Hebrew and Chaldee, with the vowel points, prefixes and Affixes, as they stand in the original text: Together with their derivation, literal and etymlogical meaning, as it occurs in every part of the Bible and illustrated by numerous citations from the Targums, Talmud and cognate Dialects. Dinah defiled by Shechem. N’r II. Because of Shechem’s action, Dinah is an outcast. In the Hebrew Bible, the tribe of Levi received a few Cities of Refuge spread out over Israel, and relied for their sustenance on the priestly gifts that the Children of Israel gave them. Maimonides argued that the killing was understandable because the townsmen had failed to uphold the seventh Noachide law (denim) to establish a criminal justice system. It is interesting that Simeon and Levi referred to Dinah as “our sister” (Genesis 34:31) rather than as Jacob”s daughter, which would have been appropriate in addressing Jacob. Similar Items. …). But "the sons of Jacob answered Shechem and his father Hamor deceitfully, because he had defiled their sister Dinah"; they said they would accept the offer if the men of the city agreed to be circumcised. Shechem clearly did wrong by taking advantage of Dinah and not betrothing her with her father's consent prior to their physical relations. However, circumcision turns out to be a trap devised by Simeon and Levi to incapacitate the Shechemites. He also offers compensation to her family. Dinah is the daughter of Jacob, the father of twelve sons (and thus the twelve tribes) in the ancestor narratives of Genesis. Dinah the daughter of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land. – IV. Shechem " fell in love" and desired a formal marriage. While there, Dinah is “taken” (often translated “raped”) by Shechem, the prince of the city (Gen 34:1–31). The attack on the citizens of Shechem was an act of revenge by the brothers of Dinah after her rape. The traditional view is that Moses wrote Genesis as well as almost all the rest of the Torah, doubtlessly using varied sources but synthesizing all of them together to give the Hebrews a written history of their ancestors. Their own ignorance, and the flattery and artifices of designing, wicked people, who are ever laying snares for them, expose them to great danger. Verse 3 relates, "[Shechem's] soul was strongly attracted to Dinah . The word naar refers to a VERY YOUNG PERSON, INCLUDING A BABY. Dinah, the daughter of Leah whom she bore to Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land. DEFINITION OF THE TERM …, c. …, CHILD, boy, youth; servant; male; maid, GIRL.” (A Complete Hebrew-English Pocket-Dictionary to the Old Testament, [Third edition, Berlin – Schoneberg (Prof. G. Langenscheidt), Langenscheidtsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, London, W. C. H. Grevel & Co. New York, The International News company – Johannesburg: Hermann Michaelis, third edition] by Professor Karl Feyerabend, Ph, D. page 218 – 219). How old is he(Shechem)? Bible: How Old Was Dinah When She Was Married To Shechem? Change ). according to talmud Dinah was married his uncle joseph!!! He is, after all, the son of the ruler of that area—presumably his family has plenty of resources. A. Note also the focus on family in the verses: “Shechem the son of Hamor, the Hivvite, the prince of the land” and “Dinah the daughter of Jacob” – even though the story begins by calling her “Dinah the daughter of Leah.” As the daughter of Leah, who is not, of herself, wealthy, she is not too interesting. You shall dwell with us; and the land shall be open to you." Lineage tree of the descendents of Sarah and Abraham. 2 When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, the ruler of that area, saw her, he took her and raped her. Naphtali (half brother) Joseph was… Joseph seven and a half years old at that time. Shechem’s attention blinded Dinah to the reality of the evil human nature lurking inside his mind. l.c.). However, Shechem made a fatal mistake. Proverbs 3:29; Amos 1:9). He was the prince of the city of the same name, and the lover and rapist of Dinah. Because Shechem then wished to marry Dinah, Hamor suggested to Jacob that their two peoples initiate a policy of commercial and social intercourse. Hamor and the family came to ask for Dinah to be Shechem’s wife; the sons of Jacob were not happy at all at what Shechem had done. F. Delitzsch, ‘Pentateuch-Kritisce Studien. Dinah was finally able to rectify Chava by expelling the impurity she had absorbed from the snake back onto Shechem. In this, Jacob learned Dinah had been defiled (laid with the boy), but he held his peace. [11] He suggests that after the brothers killed all the men in the city, including Shechem and his father, Dinah refused to leave the palace unless Simeon agreed to marry her[11] and remove her shame (according to Nachmanides, she only lived in his house and did not have sex with him). For other uses, see, Gutmann, Herbert. Young persons, especially females, are never so safe and well off as under the care of pious parents. Dinah had possibly been to town before on one of these trips, and Shechem may have seen her. Scholars Johann Buxtorf and Franz Delitzsch write on the word Na’ar: “2. But they said, 'Should he treat our sister as a harlot?'" And he turned back, and looked on them, and cursed them in the name of the LORD. to see the daughters of the land. VIII, ‘Seitschrift fur Wissenschaft und Kirkliches Leben, 1 (1880), 393-99.) In Rofé's analysis, the "defilement" refers to interracial sex rather than rape.[5]. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! This portion of the Book of Genesis deals primarily with the family of Abraham and his descendants, including Dinah, her father Jacob, and her brothers. This story was used to demonstrate the danger to women in the public sphere as contrasted with the relative security of remaining in private. Levi (brother) Eventually, Jacob arrives at the city of Shechem and camps within sight of the city. [7] However, she was later married to Job (Bava Batra 15b; Gen. R. Yet, she fell into his trap because [2] Within Genesis 34 itself, they suggest two layers of narrative: an older account ascribing the killing of Shechem to Simeon and Levi alone, and a later addition (verses 27 to 29) involving all the sons of Jacob. Nor does he seem worried by his daughter”s rape or the prospect of intermarriage with the Canaanites. … to shake oneself from. Dinah’s soul had absorbed a trace of the spiritual pollution that the serpent had injected into Chava. They possessed great moral zealousness (later, in the episode of the Golden Calf, the Tribe of Levi would demonstrate their absolute commitment to Moses' leadership by killing all the people involved in idol worship), but their anger was misdirected here. 3 ג. Simeon and Levi pressed home the advantage they had gained by putting the city to the sword and rescued Dinah, who was apparently being held in Shechem’s house (34:1-31). Not only did Hamor and Shechem agree to this condition, but they persuaded all of the townsfolk to agree. He is only concerned for his own skin.” [Note: Wenham, Genesis 16-50 , p316. Encyclopedia of Jewish Medical Ethics defines the word as someone who is a “minor”, “very young person, including a baby”: “MINOR* Shechem was a minor character in Christian and Jewish theology, appearing in the Book of Genesis. [4], On the other hand, another critical scholar, Alexander Rofé, assumes that the earlier authors would not have considered rape to be defilement in and of itself, and posits that the verb describing Dinah as "defiled" was added later (elsewhere in the Bible, only married or betrothed women are "defiled" by rape). The young girl Dinah is seized and raped by Shechem. ( Log Out /  Eliyahu Munk, 1998. There is a Midrash which states that Dinah became pregnant from Shechem and bore a daughter. Servant. The fact that Dinah was found in the house of Shechem implies that the agreement to the pact of circumcision was considered as a formal acceptance of the marriage. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. His sons were with his livestock out in the open country, so Jacob kept quiet until they came home.” – Genesis 34:3-5 GOD’S WORD Translation (GW). For the Israelites, the punishment for defiling women was harsh. When he married? [7]) The Tribe of Simeon received land within the territory of Judah and served as itinerant teachers in Israel, traveling from place to place to earn a living. Instead, Nachmanides said that the townsmen presumably violated other Noachide laws, such as idolatry or sexual immorality. BOY. And it’s true that Shechem had to be punished. Genesis 34 says they, and possibly more of Dinah's brothers, attack the city, kill all the men, rescue their sister and despoil the town. The underlying reason why Shechem desired Dinah so much was that Dinah’s soul had a spark of Chava and Shechem was the incarnation of the original serpent. It is a classic case of “love at first sight.” The rape of verse 2b disrupts this natural continuity. 6 Then Shechem’s father Hamor went out to talk with Jacob. Shechem loved Dinah and begged his family to get her to be his wife. His soul became attached to Dinah, the daughter of Yaakov, and he loved the girl and he spoke to her heart. Because Shechem is in love with Dinah, he, his father, and eventually all the men of the city agree to this extreme measure. Oriental custom considers a marital contract to be binding from the time of engagement, though cohabi-tation was to await the final marriage ceremony. The text indicates that Shechem’s actions in Gen 34:2 (having sex with Dinah) caused a wrong (nĕbālâ, Gen 34:7) and disgrace (ḥerpâ, Gen 34:14) to Jacob and sons, precipitating the act of revenge.However, aside from possible interpretations of Gen 34:2 as rape, there is no indication that the characters are concerned with Dinah and her well-being. His sons were with his livestock out in the open country, so Jacob kept quiet until they came home.” – Genesis 34:3-5 GOD’S WORD Translation (GW), Katan (minor) and yeled (child are Hebrew terms used interchangeable. Despite Jacob’s hope that he could settle peacefully in the land of his fathers, tragedy strikes his family when his daughter, Dinah, is kidnapped and raped by the eponymous prince of the city. They agreed to the terms of Judah. 1 Corinthians 9: Apostle Paul's Missionary Deception (Taqiyya)! – Pi. Gen. 24:19. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. But then, in a move not typical of rapists, he seeks to have her become his wife (34:1-4). Leah names her (Gen 34:21), as biblical women often did as part of the maternal role. The term yeled in the Bible is used for a human being from birth through adulthood, including an infant (tinok), a lad (NAAR), a youth (elem), and even a fetus (ubar). Dinah, the only daughter of Jacob, is the first of his children to be given major narrative attention. One thing that I noticed, there was a repeated pattern from all the commentaries about Dinah’s age. … fut. Dinah is first mentioned in Genesis 30:21 as the daughter of Leah and Jacob, born to Leah after she bore six sons to Jacob. So everyone agreed to be circumcised. Shechem and Hamor refer to Dinah in Gen. 34:7 as ‘your daughter’, and in Gen. 34:8 refer to intermarrying between ‘daughters’. They slew Hamor and his son Shechem with the sword, and took Dinah out of Shechem's house, and went away." Shechem, the son of Hamor the Hivite, prince of the land, saw her; and he abducted her, lay with her and afflicted her. Image is copyrighted. ותדבק נפשו בדינה בת יעקב ויאהב את הנער וידבר על לב הנער”. and he loved the young woman." Shechem (the son of Hamor, the prince of the land) "took her and lay with her and humbled her. [12], Lizzie McCloud, a slave on a Tennessee plantation during the American Civil War, recalled that Union soldiers called all enslaved women "Dinah". (2) And when Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, the prince of the land, saw her, he seized her and lay with her and humiliated her. … The Hivites negotiated in good faith, but the Jacobites renegotiated treacherously (vv13-17; cf. The story unfolds as Dinah is raped by Shechem and the brothers vow to take hostile action.

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